denizaşırı çinliler ne demek?

Denizaşırı Çinliler1 (), Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti (Çin anakarası, Hong Kong ve Makao) ya da Çin Cumhuriyeti (Tayvan)'nin dışında yaşayan Çin doğumlu ya da Çin kökenli insanlardır. Büyük Çin Bölgesi'nin dışında yaşayan kısmen Çin kökenli insanlar da kendilerini denizaşırı Çinli olarak sayabilir. Denizaşırı Çinliler, Çin'deki Han etnik çoğunluğundan ya da Çin'deki diğer etnik gruplardan olabilir.2 Kişi başına göre Singapur, Büyük Çin'in dışındaki en büyük denizaşırı Çinli nüfusuna sahip. Avustralya ise kişi başına Asya'nın dışındaki en büyük denizaşırı Çinli nüfusuna sahip.

Terminoloji

Çincede "Denizaşırı Çinliler" anlamına gelen ve Çin dışındaki ülkelerde yaşayan Çin vatandaşlarını tanımlamak için kullanılan çeşitli ifadeler mevcuttur: Huáqiáo () ya da Hokkien dilinde Hoan-kheh (). 19. yüzyılın sonunda Çin hükümeti, denizaşırı Çinlilerin hem dış yatırım kaynağı hem de yabancı ülkelerle ilgili bilgilere bir köprü olarak çok değerli olduklarını fark etti; bu nedenle Huaqiao (華僑) teriminin kullanımını tanımaya başladı.3 "Haigui" (海归) terimi, Çin'e geri dönmüş denizaşırı Çinliler için, guīqiáo qiáojuàn (归侨侨眷) ise Çin'e geri dönmüş akrabalar için kullanılır.4

Huáyì (), Çin'in dışında yaşayan etnik Çinliler için kullanılır.5 Hǎiwài Huárén (海外华人), sık kullanılan diğer bir terim ve denizaşırı Çinliler ifadesine daha yakın bir çeviridir; Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti hükümeti tarafından, vatandaşlığı gözetilmeksizin Çin'in dışında yaşayan Çin etnik kökenli insanları tanımlak için sık kullanılan bir ifade.

Kantonlu, Fuzhoulu, Hoklo ya da Hakka gibi etnik Han Çinlisi olan denizaşırı Çinliler, diğer denizaşırı Çinlileri "Tangren" (; Hakkaca: tong nyin; Fuzhou lehçesi: toung ning) olarak tanımlar. Kelime anlamıyla Tang halkı anlamına gelir ve bir zamanlar Çin'i yöneten Tang Hanedanı'na bir göndermedir. Terimin bu eski hanedanla aslında çok az alakası olmasına rağmen, Kantonlular, Fuzhoulular, Hoklolar ve Hakkalar tarafından konuşma dilinde denizaşırı Çinlileri tanımlamak için yine sık kullanılan bir ifade.

Shǎoshù mínzú (少数民族) terimi, Çin diasporasında Çin'de etnik azınlık olarak sayılan bireyler için denizaşırı Çinlileri tanımlayan çeşitli ifadelerin önüne eklenir. Shǎoshù mínzú huáqiáo huárén, shǎoshù mínzú huáqiáo huárén ve shǎoshù mínzú hǎiwài qiáobāo (少数民族海外侨胞) terimleri hepsi kullanımdadır. Denizaşırı Çinli İşleri Bürosu, resmi politika amaçları için Han Çinlileri ile etnik azınlıkların arasında ayrım yapmamaktadır.6 Örneğin Tibet diasporası üyeleri, bazı denizaşırı Çinlilere verilen izinlerle Çin'e seyahat edebilir.7 Çin diasporasındaki etnik azınlıkların sayısına dair çeşitli tahminler mevcuttur: 3,1 milyon (1993),8 3,4 milyon (2004),9 5,7 milyon (2001, 2010),1011 ya da tüm denizaşırı Çinlilerin yaklaşık onda biri (2006, 2011).1213 Sınır ötesi etnik gruplar (跨境民族, kuàjìng mínzú), ancak Çin sınırında bağımsız bir devletin kuruluşunun ardından Çin'den gittikleri durumda denizaşırı Çinli sayılır.14

Hmonglar ya da Moğollar gibi Çin ile tarihi bağlantısı olan bazı etnik gruplar, kendilerini "denizaşırı Çinli" olarak tanımlamayabilir.15

Ülke istatistikleri

50 milyondan fazla denizaşırı Çinli vardır.16171819 Denizaşırı Çinlilerin çoğu Güneydoğu Asya'da yaşamaktadır; Singapur nüfusunun çoğunu oluşturmanın yanı sıra Tayland (%14), Malezya (%23), Endonezya, Brunei (%10), Filipinler ve Vietnam'da büyük Çinli azınlık nüfusları mevcuttur.

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th><p>Kıta / ülke</p></th> <th><p>Madde</p></th> <th><p>data-sort-type="number"|Denizaşırı Çinli nüfusu</p></th> <th><p>data-sort-type="number"|Yüzölçümü</p></th> <th><p>Veri yılı</p></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><strong><a href="Afrika" title="wikilink">Afrika</a></strong></p></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Güney_Afrika&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Güney Afrika'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>300.000–400.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2015<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Madagaskar&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Madagaskar'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>70.000–100.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2011<a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref"><sup>2</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Etiyopya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Etiyopya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>20.000–60.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2014–2016<a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref"><sup>3</sup></a><a href="#fn4" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref4" role="doc-noteref"><sup>4</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Angola&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Angola'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>50.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2017<a href="#fn5" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref5" role="doc-noteref"><sup>5</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Mauritius&#39;taki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Mauritius'taki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>38.500</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2010<a href="#fn6" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref6" role="doc-noteref"><sup>6</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Cezayir&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Cezayir'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>35.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn7" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref7" role="doc-noteref"><sup>7</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Tanzanya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Tanzanya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>30.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2013<a href="#fn8" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref8" role="doc-noteref"><sup>8</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Chinois_(Réunion)" title="wikilink">Chinois</a></p></td> <td><p>25.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>1999<a href="#fn9" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref9" role="doc-noteref"><sup>9</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kongo_Cumhuriyeti&#39;ndeki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Kongo Cumhuriyeti'ndeki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>15.000–25.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2013<a href="#fn10" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref10" role="doc-noteref"><sup>10</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Nijerya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Nijerya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>20.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn11" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref11" role="doc-noteref"><sup>11</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Gana&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Gana'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>6.000–20.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2010<a href="#fn12" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref12" role="doc-noteref"><sup>12</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Zambiya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Zambiya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>19.845</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2014<a href="#fn13" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref13" role="doc-noteref"><sup>13</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Mozambik&#39;teki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Mozambik'teki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>12.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2007<a href="#fn14" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref14" role="doc-noteref"><sup>14</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Zimbabve&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Zimbabve'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>10.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2016<a href="#fn15" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref15" role="doc-noteref"><sup>15</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Mısır&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Mısır'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>6.000–10.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2007<a href="#fn16" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref16" role="doc-noteref"><sup>16</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Sudan&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Sudan'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>5.000–10.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2005–2007<a href="#fn17" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref17" role="doc-noteref"><sup>17</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kenya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Kenya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>7.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2013<a href="#fn18" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref18" role="doc-noteref"><sup>18</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Uganda&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Uganda'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>7.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2010<a href="#fn19" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref19" role="doc-noteref"><sup>19</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Botsvana&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Botsvana'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>5.000–6.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn20" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref20" role="doc-noteref"><sup>20</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Lesotho&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Lesotho'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>5.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2011<a href="#fn21" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref21" role="doc-noteref"><sup>21</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Demokratik_Kongo_Cumhuriyeti&#39;ndeki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti'ndeki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>4.000–5.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2015<a href="#fn22" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref22" role="doc-noteref"><sup>22</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kamerun&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Kamerun'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>3.000-5.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn23" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref23" role="doc-noteref"><sup>23</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Gine&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Gine'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>5.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn24" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref24" role="doc-noteref"><sup>24</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Benin&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Benin'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>4.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2007<a href="#fn25" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref25" role="doc-noteref"><sup>25</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Namibya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Namibya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>3.000-4.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn26" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref26" role="doc-noteref"><sup>26</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Fildişi_Sahili&#39;ndeki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Fildişi Sahili'ndeki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>3.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn27" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref27" role="doc-noteref"><sup>27</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Mali&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Mali'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>3.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2014<a href="#fn28" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref28" role="doc-noteref"><sup>28</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Togo&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Togo'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>3.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2007<a href="#fn29" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref29" role="doc-noteref"><sup>29</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Yeşil_Burun_Adaları&#39;ndaki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Yeşil Burun Adaları'ndaki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>2.300</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2008<a href="#fn30" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref30" role="doc-noteref"><sup>30</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Malavi&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Malavi'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>2.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2007<a href="#fn31" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref31" role="doc-noteref"><sup>31</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Ruanda&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Ruanda'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>1.000-2.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2011<a href="#fn32" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref32" role="doc-noteref"><sup>32</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Senegal&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Senegal'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>1.500</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn33" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref33" role="doc-noteref"><sup>33</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Fas&#39;taki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Fas'taki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>1.200</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2004<a href="#fn34" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref34" role="doc-noteref"><sup>34</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Seyşeller&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Seyşeller'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>1.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>1999<a href="#fn35" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref35" role="doc-noteref"><sup>35</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Liberya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Liberya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>600</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2006<a href="#fn36" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref36" role="doc-noteref"><sup>36</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Burkina_Faso&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Burkina Faso'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>500</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn37" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref37" role="doc-noteref"><sup>37</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Libya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Libya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>300</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2014<a href="#fn38" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref38" role="doc-noteref"><sup>38</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><strong><a href="Asya" title="wikilink">Asya</a></strong>/<strong><a href="Orta_Doğu" title="wikilink">Orta Doğu</a></strong></p></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Tayland_Çinlileri" title="wikilink">Tayland Çinlileri</a></p></td> <td><p>9.392.792</p></td> <td><p>%14</p></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn39" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref39" role="doc-noteref"><sup>39</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Malezyalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Malezyalılar</a>, <a href="Peranakanlar" title="wikilink">Peranakan</a></p></td> <td><p>7.417.800</p></td> <td><p>%23</p></td> <td><p>2016<a href="#fn40" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref40" role="doc-noteref"><sup>40</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Endonezya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Endonezyalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>2.832.510</p></td> <td><p>%1</p></td> <td><p>2010<a href="#fn41" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref41" role="doc-noteref"><sup>41</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Singapurlular" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Singapurlular</a></p></td> <td><p>2.808.300</p></td> <td><p>%76.2</p></td> <td><p>2016<a href="#fn42" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref42" role="doc-noteref"><sup>42</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Myanmar&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Myanmar'daki Çinliler</a>, <a href="Panthay" title="wikilink">Panthay</a></p></td> <td><p>1.637.540</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn43" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref43" role="doc-noteref"><sup>43</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Filipinler_Çinlileri" title="wikilink">Filipinler Çinlileri</a>, <a href="Torna_atrás" title="wikilink">Torna atrás</a>, <a href="Sangley" title="wikilink">Sangley</a></p></td> <td><p>1.146.250</p></td> <td><p>%1</p></td> <td><p>2005<a href="#fn44" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref44" role="doc-noteref"><sup>44</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Hoalar" title="wikilink">Hoa halkı</a></p></td> <td><p>823.071</p></td> <td><p>%0.96</p></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn45" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref45" role="doc-noteref"><sup>45</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kore&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Güney Kore'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>800.000</p></td> <td><p>%1</p></td> <td><p>2010<a href="#fn46" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref46" role="doc-noteref"><sup>46</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kamboçya_Çinlileri" title="wikilink">Kamboçya Çinlileri</a>, <a href="Kamboçya_Hokkienleri" title="wikilink">Kamboçya Hokkienleri</a></p></td> <td><p>700.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2010<a href="#fn47" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref47" role="doc-noteref"><sup>47</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Japonya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Japonya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>674.871</p></td> <td><p>&lt;%1</p></td> <td><p>2011<a href="#fn48" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref48" role="doc-noteref"><sup>48</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Pakistan&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Pakistan'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>400.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2017<a href="#fn49" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref49" role="doc-noteref"><sup>49</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kazakistan&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Kazakistan'daki Çinliler</a>, <a href="Dunganlar" title="wikilink">Dunganlar</a></p></td> <td><p>300.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn50" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref50" role="doc-noteref"><sup>50</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Laos_Çinlileri" title="wikilink">Laos Çinlileri</a></p></td> <td><p>185.765</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2005<a href="#fn51" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref51" role="doc-noteref"><sup>51</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Birleşik_Arap_Emirlikleri&#39;ndeki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'ndeki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>180.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn52" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref52" role="doc-noteref"><sup>52</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Brunei&#39;deki_etnik_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Brunei'deki etnik Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>42.100</p></td> <td><p>%10</p></td> <td><p>2015<a href="#fn53" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref53" role="doc-noteref"><sup>53</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="İsrail&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">İsrail'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>23.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2001<a href="#fn54" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref54" role="doc-noteref"><sup>54</sup></a><a href="#fn55" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref55" role="doc-noteref"><sup>55</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kore&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Kuzey Kore'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>10.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn56" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref56" role="doc-noteref"><sup>56</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td></td> <td><p>6.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2014<a href="#fn57" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref57" role="doc-noteref"><sup>57</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Hindistan&#39;daki_Çin_topluluğu" title="wikilink">Hindistan'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>4.000-7.000</p></td> <td><p>sıfır</p></td> <td><p>2014<a href="#fn58" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref58" role="doc-noteref"><sup>58</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Sri_Lanka&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Sri Lanka'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>3.500</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>?<a href="#fn59" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref59" role="doc-noteref"><sup>59</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="İran&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">İran'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>3.000</p></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kırgızistan&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Kırgızistan'daki Çinliler</a>, <a href="Dunganlar" title="wikilink">Dunganlar</a></p></td> <td><p>1.813</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn60" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref60" role="doc-noteref"><sup>60</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Moğolistan&#39;daki_etnik_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Moğolistan'daki etnik Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>1.323</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2000</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><strong><a href="Avrupa" title="wikilink">Avrupa</a></strong></p></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Rusya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Rusya'daki Çinliler</a>, <a href="Dunganlar" title="wikilink">Dunganlar</a></p></td> <td><p>200.000-400.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2004<a href="#fn61" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref61" role="doc-noteref"><sup>61</sup></a><a href="#fn62" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref62" role="doc-noteref"><sup>62</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Fransa&#39;daki_Çin_diasporası" title="wikilink">Fransa'daki Çin diasporası</a>, <a href="Chinois_(Réunion)" title="wikilink">Chinois (Réunion)</a></p></td> <td><p>700.000</p></td> <td><p>%1</p></td> <td><p>2010<a href="#fn63" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref63" role="doc-noteref"><sup>63</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Britanya_Çinlisi" title="wikilink">Britanya Çinlisi</a></p></td> <td><p>433.150</p></td> <td><p>%1</p></td> <td><p>2008</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="İtalya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">İtalya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>320.794</p></td> <td><p>%1</p></td> <td><p>2013<a href="#fn64" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref64" role="doc-noteref"><sup>64</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Almanya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Almanya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>212.000</p></td> <td><p>&lt;%1</p></td> <td><p>2016&lt;ref name="de-cn1"<a href="#fn65" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref65" role="doc-noteref"><sup>65</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="İspanya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">İspanya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>145.000</p></td> <td><p>%&lt;1</p></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn66" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref66" role="doc-noteref"><sup>66</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Hollanda&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Hollanda'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>80.198</p></td> <td><p>%1</p></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn67" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref67" role="doc-noteref"><sup>67</sup></a> </p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Türkiye&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Türkiye'deki Çinliler</a>, <a href="Uygurlar" title="wikilink">Uygurlar</a></p></td> <td><p>46.800</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2009</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> <td><p>30.000-40.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>--<a href="#fn68" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref68" role="doc-noteref"><sup>68</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="İsveç&#39;teki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">İsveç'teki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>31.725</p></td> <td><p>%&lt;1</p></td> <td><p>2016<a href="#fn69" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref69" role="doc-noteref"><sup>69</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> <td><p>30.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2008<a href="#fn70" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref70" role="doc-noteref"><sup>70</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> <td><p>17.800</p></td> <td><p>%&lt;1</p></td> <td><p>2011<a href="#fn71" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref71" role="doc-noteref"><sup>71</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> <td><p>10.600</p></td> <td><p>%&lt;1</p></td> <td><p>2014<a href="#fn72" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref72" role="doc-noteref"><sup>72</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Danimarka&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Danimarka'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>10.247</p></td> <td><p>%&lt;1</p></td> <td><p>2009<a href="#fn73" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref73" role="doc-noteref"><sup>73</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Bulgaristan&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Bulgaristan'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>9.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2005<a href="#fn74" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref74" role="doc-noteref"><sup>74</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Portekiz&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Portekiz'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>9.689</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2007<a href="#fn75" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref75" role="doc-noteref"><sup>75</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> <td><p>8.257</p></td> <td><p>%&lt;1</p></td> <td><p>2011<a href="#fn76" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref76" role="doc-noteref"><sup>76</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çek_Cumhuriyeti&#39;ndeki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Çek Cumhuriyeti'ndeki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>4.986</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2007<a href="#fn77" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref77" role="doc-noteref"><sup>77</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Romanya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Romanya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>2.249</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2002<a href="#fn78" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref78" role="doc-noteref"><sup>78</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Sırbistan&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Sırbistan'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>1.373</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2011<a href="#fn79" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref79" role="doc-noteref"><sup>79</sup></a> </p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> <td><p>220</p></td> <td><p>sıfır</p></td> <td><p>2014<a href="#fn80" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref80" role="doc-noteref"><sup>80</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> <td><p>104</p></td> <td><p>sıfır</p></td> <td><p>2013<a href="#fn81" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref81" role="doc-noteref"><sup>81</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><strong><a href="Amerika" title="wikilink">Amerika</a></strong></p></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Amerikalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Amerikalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>4.947.968</p></td> <td><p>%1.5</p></td> <td><p>2015<a href="#fn82" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref82" role="doc-noteref"><sup>82</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Kanadalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Kanadalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>1.487.580</p></td> <td><p>%4</p></td> <td><p>2006<a href="#fn83" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref83" role="doc-noteref"><sup>83</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Perulular" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Perulular</a></p></td> <td><p>900.000'e kadar</p></td> <td><p>%3'e kadar</p></td> <td><p>2017<a href="#fn84" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref84" role="doc-noteref"><sup>84</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Venezuelalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Venezuelalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>400.000–450.000</p></td> <td><p>%2</p></td> <td><p>2013<a href="#fn85" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref85" role="doc-noteref"><sup>85</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Brezilyalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Brezilyalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>250.000</p></td> <td><p>sıfır</p></td> <td><p>2005<a href="#fn86" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref86" role="doc-noteref"><sup>86</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Panama&#39;daki_etnik_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Panama Çinlileri</a></p></td> <td><p>135.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2003<a href="#fn87" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref87" role="doc-noteref"><sup>87</sup></a><a href="#fn88" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref88" role="doc-noteref"><sup>88</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Arjantinliler" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Arjantinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>120.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2010<a href="#fn89" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref89" role="doc-noteref"><sup>89</sup></a><a href="#fn90" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref90" role="doc-noteref"><sup>90</sup></a><a href="#fn91" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref91" role="doc-noteref"><sup>91</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Kübalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Kübalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>114.240</p></td> <td><p>%1</p></td> <td><p>2008<a href="#fn92" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref92" role="doc-noteref"><sup>92</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Jamaikalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Jamaikalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>72.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>--<a href="#fn93" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref93" role="doc-noteref"><sup>93</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Meksika&#39;ya_Çin_göçü" title="wikilink">Meksika Çinlileri</a></p></td> <td><p>70.000</p></td> <td><p>sıfır</p></td> <td><p>2008 </p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kosta_Rika&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Kosta Rika'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>45.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2011<a href="#fn94" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref94" role="doc-noteref"><sup>94</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Surinamlılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Surinamlılar</a></p></td> <td><p>7.885</p></td> <td><p>%1.5</p></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn95" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref95" role="doc-noteref"><sup>95</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Kolombiya&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Kolombiya'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>25.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2014<a href="#fn96" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref96" role="doc-noteref"><sup>96</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Dominik_Cumhuriyeti&#39;ndeki_etnik_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Dominik Cumhuriyeti'ndeki etnik Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>15.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>--<a href="#fn97" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref97" role="doc-noteref"><sup>97</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Nikaragualılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Nikaragualılar</a></p></td> <td><p>12.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>--<a href="#fn98" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref98" role="doc-noteref"><sup>98</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Şili&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Şili'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>10.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Trinidad_ve_Tobagolular" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Trinidad ve Tobagolular</a></p></td> <td><p>3.800</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2000</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Guyanalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Guyanalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>2.722</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>1921<a href="#fn99" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref99" role="doc-noteref"><sup>99</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Belize&#39;deki_etnik_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Belize'deki etnik Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>1.716</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2000<a href="#fn100" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref100" role="doc-noteref"><sup>100</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Porto_Riko&#39;ya_Çin_göçü" title="wikilink">Porto Riko Çinlileri</a></p></td> <td><p>35.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Haitililer" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Haitililer</a></p></td> <td><p>230</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><p><strong><a href="Okyanusya" title="wikilink">Okyanusya</a></strong></p></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Avustralyalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Avustralyalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>1.213.903</p></td> <td><p>%6</p></td> <td><p>2016<a href="#fn101" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref101" role="doc-noteref"><sup>101</sup></a><a href="#fn102" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref102" role="doc-noteref"><sup>102</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Çin_asıllı_Yeni_Zelandalılar" title="wikilink">Çin asıllı Yeni Zelandalılar</a></p></td> <td><p>180.066</p></td> <td><p>%4</p></td> <td><p>2013<a href="#fn103" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref103" role="doc-noteref"><sup>103</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Fiji&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Fiji'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>34.712</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn104" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref104" role="doc-noteref"><sup>104</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Samoa&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Samoa'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>30.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>--</p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Papua_Yeni_Gine&#39;deki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Papua Yeni Gine'deki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>20.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2008<a href="#fn105" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref105" role="doc-noteref"><sup>105</sup></a><a href="#fn106" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref106" role="doc-noteref"><sup>106</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Tonga&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Tonga'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>3.000</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2001<a href="#fn107" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref107" role="doc-noteref"><sup>107</sup></a><a href="#fn108" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref108" role="doc-noteref"><sup>108</sup></a></p></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td></td> <td><p><a href="Palau&#39;daki_Çinliler" title="wikilink">Palau'daki Çinliler</a></p></td> <td><p>1.030</p></td> <td></td> <td><p>2012<a href="#fn109" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref109" role="doc-noteref"><sup>109</sup></a></p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <section class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document" role="doc-endnotes"> <hr /> <ol> <li id="fn1" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn2" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn3" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn4" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn5" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref5" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn6" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref6" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn7" role="doc-endnote"><a href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L465838.htm">Chinese, Algerians fight in Algiers – witnesses</a> . Reuters. 4 August 2009.<a href="#fnref7" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn8" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref8" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn9" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref9" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn10" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref10" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn11" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref11" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn12" role="doc-endnote">"Drivers of change or cut-throat competitors? Challenging Cultures of Innovation of Chinese and Nigerian migrant entrepreneurs in West Africa," p. 10<a href="#fnref12" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn13" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref13" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn14" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref14" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn15" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref15" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn16" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref16" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn17" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn18" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref18" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn19" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref19" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn20" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref20" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn21" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref21" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn22" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref22" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn23" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref23" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn24" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn25" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn26" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref26" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn27" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn28" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref28" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn29" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn30" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref30" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn31" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn32" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref32" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn33" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn34" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref34" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn35" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref35" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn36" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn37" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn38" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref38" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn39" role="doc-endnote"><a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html">Thailand</a> CIA World Factbook<a href="#fnref39" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn40" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref40" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn41" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref41" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn42" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref42" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn43" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn44" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn45" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref45" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn46" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref46" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn47" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref47" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn48" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn49" role="doc-endnote"><a href="http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/pakistan/mandarin-mania-grips-pakistan-1.2061179">http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/pakistan/mandarin-mania-grips-pakistan-1.2061179</a><a href="#fnref49" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn50" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref50" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn51" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn52" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn53" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref53" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn54" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref54" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn55" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref55" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn56" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref56" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn57" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref57" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn58" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref58" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn59" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref59" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn60" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref60" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn61" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref61" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn62" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref62" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn63" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref63" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn64" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref64" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn65" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref65" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn66" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn67" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref67" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn68" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref68" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn69" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref69" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn70" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn71" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref71" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn72" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref72" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn73" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref73" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn74" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref74" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn75" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref75" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn76" role="doc-endnote">Tilastokeskus <a href="http://pxweb2.stat.fi/database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/vaerak_fi.asp">1</a> .<a href="#fnref76" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn77" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref77" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn78" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref78" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn79" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref79" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn80" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref80" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn81" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref81" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn82" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref82" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn83" role="doc-endnote">" Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data," <a href="http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&amp;APATH=3&amp;CATNO=&amp;DETAIL=0&amp;DIM=&amp;DS=99&amp;FL=0&amp;FREE=0&amp;GAL=0&amp;GC=99&amp;GK=NA&amp;GRP=1&amp;IPS=&amp;METH=0&amp;ORDER=1&amp;PID=92333&amp;PTYPE=88971&amp;RL=0&amp;S=1&amp;ShowAll=No&amp;StartRow=1&amp;SUB=801&amp;Temporal=2006&amp;Theme=80&amp;VID=0&amp;VNAMEE=&amp;VNAMEF=">2</a> <a href="#fnref83" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn84" role="doc-endnote"><a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html</a><a href="#fnref84" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn85" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref85" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn86" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn87" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref87" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn88" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref88" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn89" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn90" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn91" role="doc-endnote"><a href="http://www.clarin.com/sociedad/comunidad-china-duplico-ultimos-anos_0_343165728.html">Clarín: As of 2010. Chinese community becomes the fourth largest group of immigrants in Argentina</a> <a href="#fnref91" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn92" role="doc-endnote">CIA World Factbook. Cuba. 15 May 2008. &lt;<a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html</a> &gt;.<a href="#fnref92" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn93" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref93" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn94" role="doc-endnote">By Rachel Will Date Published: 10/21/2011 <a href="http://uschina.usc.edu/article@usct?chinas_stadium_diplomacy_17566.aspx">3</a> <a href="#fnref94" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn95" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref95" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn96" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref96" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn97" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref97" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn98" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref98" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn99" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref99" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn100" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref100" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn101" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref101" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn102" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref102" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn103" role="doc-endnote"><a href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/asian.aspx">4</a> , 2013 Census, Statistics New Zealand. Accessed 2014-5-31.<a href="#fnref103" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn104" role="doc-endnote"><a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html">Fiji</a> , CIA World Factbook, retrieved 23 March 2012<a href="#fnref104" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn105" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref105" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn106" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref106" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn107" role="doc-endnote"><a href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/dec2001/tong-d18.shtml">"Tonga announces the expulsion of hundreds of Chinese immigrants"</a> , John Braddock, wsws.org, 18 December 2001<a href="#fnref107" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn108" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref108" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn109" role="doc-endnote"><a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ps.html">Palau</a> , CIA World Factbook, retrieved 23 March 2012<a href="#fnref109" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> </ol> </section>

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

Orijinal kaynak: denizaşırı çinliler. Creative Commons Atıf-BenzerPaylaşım Lisansı ile paylaşılmıştır.

Footnotes

Kategoriler